Epigenetics in the Mediterranean area

Mediterranean is an ecosystem where littoral zone urbanization, climate change, new emerging pathogens, biological invasions and runaway population growth are producing an unprecedented anthropic pressure on marine ecosystems (pollution, overfishing, habitat destruction etc.). The Mediterranean is considered a biodiversity hotspot under lots of pressures. The extensive loss of biodiversity is the result of the introduction of new species that severely impact the natural balance of the Mediterranean ecosystem. Adaptive responses to large-scale perturbations such as climate change affect the ecosystem at all biological levels. Reliable environmental information systems are essential to identify the main pollution sources and for addressing the appropriate responses. A lack of access and sharing of data and information represent one of the most challenging problems. There is an increasing need to apply integrated ecosystem-based approaches for protection of the Mediterranean environment. New perspectives, focused on ecosystems, are required for ensuring a long-term good health in populations.