Abstract
This session will consider enablers and barriers to the practice of adaptation drawing on European experience, and particularly the UK Climate Change Risk Assessments. In this session we will hear about the development of practical transformational approaches for Clyde Estuary in Scotland for Clyde Rebuilt as well as organisational and institutional barriers to transformative adaptation through nature-based solutions in Europe. This session will explore what is required for successful mainstreaming, where this becomes limiting and the opportunities and barriers to the practical application of more transformational approaches.