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Abstract
We develop hypothetical basic laws of trade that could reconstruct the theory of international trade and optimize gains of trade for all nations. According to the theory of comparative advantage of David Ricardo and Ohlin-Heckscher, countries with different resources and technology will benefit from trading, regardless of competitiveness. However, in the real world, this theory does not always work well. Some countries may gain a lot from trading, some only a little, and some may even lose. The total gain for all parties is also not optimal. The basic laws of trade can fix this problem substantially. They restore the trade balance at the very heart of international trade. In that way, they make all countries benefit from trading, regardless of competitiveness and cost. Gains from trade are also optimal for all parties. To demonstrate the workability of this hypothesis, we make trade simulations 2x2 and 5x20.
Supplementary materials
Title
Comparative advantage and trade simulation 5x20 model
Description
We simulated 5 countries, namely China, South Korea, Indonesia, Turkiye, and India. Each country produces and consumes 20 products, namely A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, and T. The production costs of each product in each country are random with a range in their respective national currencies (China between 60 – 120 Chinese yuan, South Korea between 12,000 – 24,000 Korean Won, Indonesia between 145,000 – 290,000 Indonesian rupiahs, Turkiye between 170 – 340 Turkish lira, and India between 930 – 1860 Indian rupees). We assume that all goods can be traded (tradable) between countries. All countries can trade to get goods at a lower cost and larger market. We use 3 types of exchange rates to compare the results, namely the true exchange rate and misaligned 1 and 2.
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Title
GLOBAL CURRENCY INITIATIVE
Description
We designed a democratic and science-based international monetary system managed by all countries in the world in a decentralized manner.
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