Abstract
This paper investigates “vertical coherence and incoherence” between the EU and EU member states, given horizontal coherence between the EU and the US. This paper will analyze this through a neorealist perspective that takes into account the international layer as well as consider the Supranationalist European Integration theory. This paper will compare the two cases of EU member states exhibiting vertical coherence and incoherence. This paper utilizes a small-n neopositivist methodology through analyzing typical double case studies of EU member states and if their policies were synergistic with the EU and US. Within these case studies, I use process tracing and cross case comparisons to further our research and detail causal mechanisms. This paper advances previous research by reassessing the notion that EU member states follow the EU, especially when there are actions by the EU in coordination with the US under the guide of the Liberal International Order.
