Riemann Hypothesis on Superabundant Numbers

14 December 2023, Version 1
This content is an early or alternative research output and has not been peer-reviewed by Cambridge University Press at the time of posting.

Abstract

The Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part $\frac{1}{2}$. It is considered by many to be the most important unsolved problem in pure mathematics. Let $\Psi(n) = n \cdot \prod_{q \mid n} \left(1 + \frac{1}{q} \right)$ denote the Dedekind $\Psi$ function where $q \mid n$ means the prime $q$ divides $n$. Define, for $n \geq 3$; the ratio $R(n) = \frac{\Psi(n)}{n \cdot \log \log n}$ where $\log$ is the natural logarithm. Let $\sigma(n)$ denote the sum-of-divisors function $\sigma(n)=\sum_{d \mid n} d$. We require the properties of superabundant numbers, that is to say left to right maxima of $n \mapsto \frac{\sigma(n)}{n}$. There are several statements equivalent to the Riemann hypothesis. If for each large enough superabundant number $n$, there exists another superabundant $n' > n$ such that $R(n') \leq R(n)$, then the Riemann hypothesis is true. In this note, using this criterion on superabundant numbers, we prove that the Riemann hypothesis is true.

Keywords

Riemann hypothesis
prime numbers
superabundant numbers
Riemann zeta function
Chebyshev function

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