PARADOXES OF GRAVITY: Newton's Law Does Not Work at Large Distances, but... it's too early to throw it in the scrapheap. It's still needed.

28 November 2024, Version 1
This content is an early or alternative research output and has not been peer-reviewed by Cambridge University Press at the time of posting.

Abstract

The dominant force in the Universe is gravity. For over 300 years, the gravitational force was represented by a single simple and mathematically perfect formula - Newton's law of gravity FN = GmM/r^2. However, the boundaries of its applicability are limited to the solar system. The revealed gravitational anomalies in the dynamics of stars show that at large distances, Newton's law is not satisfied and has significant discrepancies with observations. The real law of gravity is more complex than Newton's law. For large distances and large masses, the gravitational force dominates in the Universe, which Newton's law "does not see". A new law of gravity Fcos = (mc^2)√Ʌ was obtained, which shows the cosmological force not taken into account by Newton's law. Two laws of gravity (Newton's law + the law of cosmological force) provide a complete description of the gravitational interaction in the Universe.

Keywords

cosmology
dark matter
Newton's law of gravity
MOND theory
Augmented Newtonian Dynamics (AuND)
Galaxy rotation curve
Pioneer effect
pioneer anomaly
cosmological force
law of cosmological force
cosmological constant Ʌ
law of universal gravitation

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