From Static to Living - Computational strategies for Integrating Growth, Decay and Biodiversity in Architecture

This research explores the integration of timber's natural growth and decay cycles into architectural design, redefining the material as a dynamic, living material rather than a static construction element. Drawing on precedents such as Baubotanik (Ludwig, 2016), Fab Tree Hab (Joachim et al., 2021), and veteranisation research (Wainhouse et al., 2022), this study examines how decay-aware workflows can enhance material efficiency, reduce waste, and foster biodiversity by supporting woodland microhabitat. The methodology focuses on three core areas: material characterization, computational design, and robotic fabrication. Advanced 3D scanning techniques analyze structural viability and biological activity in decayed timber, while computational algorithms generate adaptive design strategies. Robotic milling techniques are refined to balance precision with ecological considerations, ensuring that natural material processes are integrated into architectural workflows. Building on prior research in bio-integrated design (Liu, Master Thesis, 2023; Liu, Saleki, Hunt, Growth and Decay, Bartlett School of Architecture, 2024), this study reframes timber decay as an opportunity for renewal and adaptation. Findings suggest that decay-aware fabrication extends material life cycles, minimizes waste, and promotes biodiversity. However, challenges remain, including predicting decay progression, ensuring structural reliability, and navigating regulatory constraints. By bridging computational workflows with ecological processes, this research contributes to sustainable architecture and regenerative design. Its approach aligns with the objectives of the Towards Integrative Design symposium, advancing the discourse on bio-integrated materials and symbiotic design strategies.