A bio-integrated design framework for atmospheric carbon sequestration using enhanced rock weathering principles

The pressing need for climate change mitigation has catalysed innovative solutions that combine technological and natural processes. This research explores Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW) as a promising strategy to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) within architectural contexts. ERW accelerates the natural weathering process of Ca- and Mg-rich rocks, typically in powdered form, to interact with dissolved CO₂ and form stable carbonates. The project employs a multi-faceted methodology, including environmental simulations, material testing, and prototyping. A modular hexagonal system is developed to enhance water-CO₂ interaction on urban surfaces by leveraging rainwater flow dynamics. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and laboratory material tests evaluate parameters such as porosity, water flow rates, and aggregate composition. The research demonstrates the feasibility of transforming urban environments into active biogeochemical systems, laying the groundwork for quantifying the carbon sequestration potential of such materials. Key findings highlight the significant impact of aggregate selection, material formulation and design on ERW performance, which is to be quantified in the next steps. Basalt and wollastonite aggregates, integrated into modular elements, provide high surface roughness and porosity, optimizing rainwater residence time. Furthermore, the parametric design workflow ensures scalability and adaptability, enabling these materials to supplement broader carbon capture strategies. Complementary biochemical processes, including microbially driven nutrient cycling and ecosystem complexity, offer additional opportunities for sustainable design and enhanced carbon sequestration. By adapting agricultural ERW methods to urban contexts, this study contributes towards the development of carbon-neutral and potentially carbon-negative design practices, addressing critical aspects of the global climate crisis.