Correcting the Navier–Stokes Millennium Problem through ∆E Field Reformulation in the Theory of Relative Cosmic Equilibrium (RCE)

17 October 2025, Version 1
This content is an early or alternative research output and has not been peer-reviewed by Cambridge University Press at the time of posting.

Abstract

We argue that the classical Navier–Stokes millennium problem, posed in terms of the velocity field v and pressure p, is conceptually misformulated. Within the framework of Relative Cosmic Equilibrium (RCE), the true fundamental quantity is the relational energy difference ∆E, from which motion, pressure, and flow arise as secondary effects. We demonstrate that the proper variables of the theory lead to two stable forms: (i) an exact energy–balance equation (RCE-2) equivalent to Navier–Stokes but physically meaningful, and (ii) a diffusive limit (RCE-1) that obeys a maximum principle ensuring boundedness and smoothness. Through numerical experiments with spectral forcing, we confirm that ∆E naturally generates complex yet finite structures without any singularities or blow-up. We conclude that the supposed difficulty of the Navier–Stokes problem stems from measuring the effect (velocity) instead of the cause (energy difference), and that reframing the equations in terms of ∆E resolves the paradox and restores physical coherence.

Keywords

Navier–Stokes regularity
Millennium Problem
Relative Cosmic Equilibrium (RCE)
Energetic reformulation
ΔE field theory
Maximum principle
Parabolic regularity
Advection–diffusion equation
Energy cascade
Turbulence
Energetic boundedness
Helmholtz–Hodge decomposition
PDE analysis
Global smoothness
Incompressible flow
relative cosmic equilibrium
RCE

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