Bridging Electrodynamics and Gravitation Equivalence principle and the conservation laws

17 December 2025, Version 1
This content is an early or alternative research output and has not been peer-reviewed by Cambridge University Press at the time of posting.

Abstract

Atomic clocks are devices based on quantum electrodynamics, under the influence of gravitation and motion. To this purpose a revisitation of a well-known derivation of Schiff, about variations of periods of atomic clocks, is performed. The Weak Equivalence Principle and Special Relativity are not found sufficient to derive, from Schiff’s proposal, gravitational time dilation, even to a first order approximation. Nevertheless, Schiff’s proposal of time dilation, by relying on conservation of energy also in gravitation, can be extended to match all orders of approximation with the results in static gravitation. Energy conservation and the Weak Equivalence Principle can be a bridge between the two interactions, such that variations of periods of oscillators on Earth depend on their kinetic energy and potential energy, referred to the ECI frame.

Keywords

Electrodynamics
gravitation
equivalence principle
time dilation
frequency shift
conservation laws

Comments

Comments are not moderated before they are posted, but they can be removed by the site moderators if they are found to be in contravention of our Commenting and Discussion Policy [opens in a new tab] - please read this policy before you post. Comments should be used for scholarly discussion of the content in question. You can find more information about how to use the commenting feature here [opens in a new tab] .
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy [opens in a new tab] and Terms of Service [opens in a new tab] apply.