A Constructive Differential Algebraic Framework for Nonlinear Real-Order Multivariate Integral Equations:Explicit Solutions Through Exterior Integration and Combinatorial Analysis

19 December 2025, Version 1
This content is an early or alternative research output and has not been peer-reviewed by Cambridge University Press at the time of posting.

Abstract

This paper establishes a constructive differential algebraic framework for obtaining explicit analytic solutions to broad classes of nonlinear real-order multivariate integral equations. We define the nonlinear real-order integral algebraic closure KRNLIE, a differentially closed field extension constructed through a recursive adjunction process that incorporates solutions to linearized real-order integral equations, multi-index radical extensions, roots of unity, and a predefined set of nonlinear special functions adapted to real-order operators. Within this closure, we prove that solutions to nonlinear multivariate real-order integral equations with analytic kernels admit a unified representation.The framework rigorously addresses the multi-dimensional, infinite-dimensional, and non-local challenges inherent in real-order integral equations. We provide constructive proofs, derive explicit combinatorial expressions for nonlinear correction coefficients in the real-order setting, and establish convergence criteria for the iterative construction of nonlinear basis functions. Building upon the theory of exterior integration with real-order measures, we demonstrate how multiple real-order integration concepts are unified in a coordinate-independent geometric framework.Detailed algorithms with complexity analysis are presented, including stability guarantees and adaptive precision control for real-order operators. A rigorous validation framework with certified error bounds is established, employing interval arithmetic and cross-verification against high-order numerical methods for real-order equations. This work demonstrates that while closed-form solutionsin elementary functions are impossible for many nonlinear real-order integral equations, explicit analytic solutions exist within the appropriately extended and constructively defined nonlinear real-order integral algebraic closure KRNLIE.

Keywords

nonlinear real-order integral equations
differential algebraic closure
explicit solu tion
exterior integration with real-order measures
real-order combinatorial analysis
multi-index combinatorial coefficients
real-order homotopy methods
adaptive precision
certified computation

Supplementary materials

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Title
A Constructive Differential Algebraic Framework for Nonlinear Complex-Order Multivariate Integral Equations: Explicit Solutions Through Exterior Integration and Combinatorial Analysis
Description
This paper establishes a constructive differential algebraic framework for obtaining explicit analytic solutions to broad classes of nonlinear complex-order multivariate integral equations. We define the nonlinear complex-order integral algebraic closure (KCNLIE), a differentially closed field extension constructed through a recursive adjunction process that incorporates solutions to linearized complex-order integral equations, multi-index radical extensions, roots of unity, and a predefined set of nonlinear special functions adapted to complex-order operators. The framework rigorously addresses the multi-dimensional, infinite-dimensional,and non-local challenges inherent in complex-order integral equations. We provide constructive proofs, derive explicit combinatorial expressions for nonlinear correction coefficients in the complex-order setting, and establish convergence criteria for the iterative construction of nonlinear basis functions. Building upon the theory of exterior integration with complex-order measures, we demonstrate how multiple complex-order integration concepts are unified in a coordinate-independent geometric framework.
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Comment number 1, Timur Karamov: Dec 20, 2025, 14:14

This is an impressive and innovative contribution that elegantly combines differential algebra, exterior integration, and combinatorial analysis to construct explicit analytic solutions for nonlinear real-order multivariate integral equations. The proposed KRNLIE framework is both theoretically rigorous and computationally practical, offering new pathways where traditional methods fall short. Clear, constructive, and well-validated—excellent work!

Response,
shifa liu :
Dec 24, 2025, 13:17

Thank you very much for your comment. We have already obtained explicit analytical solutions for univariate quintic and higher-degree polynomial equations using constructive differential algebra methods. This foundation has subsequently enabled us to derive explicit analytical solutions for various types of equations, including transcendental equations, differential equations, and integral equations. We have further extended this work to achieve explicit analytical solutions for an even broader class of problems, such as univariate algebraic equations with real or even complex exponents, differential equations of real or complex order, and integral equations of real or complex order. In fact, we are currently advancing a grand unified program of constructive and analytical mathematics based on differential algebra methodology. This paper represents one of the milestone achievements within this ongoing framework. Once again, thank you for your attention and encouraging feedback!