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The Role of the Lorentz Factor in Relativistic Mechanics, Gravitational Time Dilation, and Global Satellite Navigation Systems

27 July 2026, Version 1
Working Paper
This content is an early or alternative research output and has not been peer-reviewed by Cambridge University Press at the time of posting.

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical and applied analysis of the Lorentz factor within the framework of modern physics and Satellite Engineering. It examines the fundamental principles of special and general relativity, detailing the mathematical derivation of cinematic and gravitational time dilation, mass-energy equivalency, and relativistic momentum integration. Furthermore, it evaluates the real-world operational necessity of these theoretical models within Global Positioning System (GPS) infrastructure, explicitly quantifying the daily temporal drift caused by orbital velocities and gravitational field variations.

Keywords

binomial series
Dirac equation
gamma factor
special relativity

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Version History

Jul 27, 2026 Version 1

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The content is available under CC BY 4.0 [opens in a new tab]

DOI

10.33774/coe-2026-6chtv
D O I: 10.33774/coe-2026-6chtv [opens in a new tab]

Author’s competing interest statement

The author(s) have declared they have no conflict of interest with regard to this content

Ethics

The author(s) have declared ethics committee/IRB approval is not relevant to this content

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