χ‑Operator Geometry of Extremal Black Holes: Spectral Degeneracy, Zero Temperature, and Non‑Zero Entropy

14 August 2026, Version 1
This content is an early or alternative research output and has not been peer-reviewed by Cambridge University Press at the time of posting.

Abstract

The χ‑operator geometry provides a new spectral framework for describing extremal black holes, whose zero‑temperature states exhibit non‑zero entropy and a collapse of surface gravity. In this work, we reconstruct the extremal horizon as a χ‑spectral degeneracy manifold and show that the vanishing of temperature corresponds to a structural reduction of the χ‑spectrum rather than thermodynamic triviality. The χ‑operator encodes the geometric, quantum, and gravitational degrees of freedom in a unified spectral form, allowing extremal black holes to be treated as zero‑temperature χ‑states with finite horizon complexity. This approach reveals a new mechanism for entropy retention in extremal configurations and establishes a purely operator‑geometric origin of extremal horizon structure.

Keywords

χ‑Operator Geometry
Spectral Degeneracy
Extremal Black Holes
Zero Temperature
Operator Theory
Spectral Geometry
Quantum Gravity
General Relativity

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Comment number 1, Anatolii Mukha: Aug 15, 2026, 15:06

Recommended Reading For a complete and extended presentation of the ZEBTS theory, readers are encouraged to consult the following works: Mukha, A. (2026). χ‑Spectral Reality: Foundations of the Operator‑Geometric Universe. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21937654 Mukha, A. (2026). ZEBTS — Zero‑Entropy Topological Background: χ‑Reality The Theory of Everything — SUPER 10 plus Version. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21921468 Mukha, A. (2026). ZEBTS — Zero‑Entropy Topological Background: χ‑Reality The Theory of Everything — SUPER 10 Version. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21893842 These publications present the ZEBTS framework in its full scope and development.